The resistors are constructed on top of a high grade ceramic body. Internal metal electrodes are added at each end and connected by a resistive glaze. The resistive glaze is covered by a glass. The composition of the glaze is adjusted to give the approximate required resistance value and laser trimming of this resistive glaze achieves the value within tolerance. The whole element is covered by a protective overcoat. Size 0603 and bigger is marked with the resistance value on top. Finally, the two external terminations (Ni / matte tin) are added. See fig.8